Factors That Affect Sleep During African American College...

Factors That Affect Sleep in African American College Students and the Relationship between Their Sleep and Study Habits Sleep plays a vital role in a person’s health and also their well-being. It is essential that college students get an adequate amount of sleep each night. Getting enough sleep will benefit them health wise and academically. Students have a harder time excelling academically if they are continuously tired and do not allow their body to rest. According to research conducted by Brown University, at least 11 percent of students reported good sleep. This same study found that 73 percent of students had sleep problems. Sleep deprivation is a major problem for college students because it interferes with their ability to†¦show more content†¦The purpose of this study in to identify common factors that affect sleep amongst African American college students, and also to identify the relationship between sleep and their study habits. There have been numerous s tudies conducted on sleep deprivation for college students as a whole. However, this study is intended to see if there are any factors that differ or are specific to African American college students. As well as, how their sleep relates to study habits in African American students specifically. The independent variables in this study are the factors that affect sleep and the student’s study; the dependent variable is sleep. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The Biobehavorial Model of Altered Dysregulation in Circadian Systems will be the conceptual framework for this study. This model proposes mechanisms that contribute to sleep-wake disturbances. It suggests psychological functioning such as stress, depression, and mood states have a direct-reciprocal relationship with the sleep system. Dysregulation can be attributed to one or more of these functions. The ultimate outcomes of dysregulation is poor quality of life, fatigue, and unpleasant symptoms. Poor Quality of Life There are 4 domains that identify an individual’s quality of life. These domains include physical well-being (appearance), psychological well-being (mood), social well-being (relationships with others), and spiritual well-being

Organic Food An Major Factor For The Overall Economic...

Introduction: - Agriculture is the major factor for the overall economic growth of India. Organic food is a natural food, which is produced by the organic farming without use of any pesticides, synthetic fertilizers Industrial waste etc. NZ Rose apple is one of the best apple came in the varieties of apple. Rose apple has a unique rose pink color from medium to large size of variety with crispy juicy flesh and sweet flavor. NZ Organic Rose apples is a good looking apple with a sweet juicy taste, they are large in size, firm, fine texture, very crisp and juicy flesh. Eating NZ rose apples all year around is possible due to modern refrigeration technology to controlled atmosphere storage. Storage involves careful control of temperature, oxygen and humidity Executive Summary NZ Rose apple is new company, which is entering to the world of international market. I have select India as our target market to supply NZ Rose apple, But as India is a huge country, so I have choose Chandigarh city supply this product. However my company will produce and package its product in New Zealand only. There will few initial stages before outline our marketing proposals. Situation Analysis : Our Company will conduct PESTEL analysis for our target market in India in Chandigarh. Market Analysis. To examine the pros and cons factors of the company. India is a democratic country and have very stable rules. Indian economy is stable at the moment, which means unemployment’s rate is decreasedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Macroeconomic Indicators of China1579 Words   |  7 PagesIndicators along with values is provided in the below table Macro Economic Indicators | Value | GDP Growth Rate | 9.1% | IIP Growth Rate | 14% | Agricultural Growth Rate | 4.3% | Fiscal Deficit | 800 billion yuan | Interest Rates | 6.56% | Exports | 180.2 billion USD | Imports | 148.5 billion USD | Current Account Deficit | 59.8 billion USD | Inflation | 7.65% | Foreign Exchange Reserves | 3.24 trillion USD | GDP Growth Rate: * GDP (purchasing power parity) of china is $11.3 trillionRead MoreA Report On The Food Industry, Target Market And Swot Analysis1543 Words   |  7 Pages This purpose of this report is to provide detailed Situation Analysis for new business in healthy food industry. The report presents the overview, competitors in the industry, target market and SWOT analysis. The aim of this report is to help you in designing market plan. There is rising potential business opportunity in this Industry because consumers are showing greater concerns over eating healthy. Therefore the numbers of potential and existing direct competitors are on rise too. However, tacticalRead MoreMarketing Plan For New Business Healthy Food Industry1727 Words   |  7 PagesThis purpose of this report is to provide detailed Situation Analysis and marketing plan for new business in healthy food industry. The report presents the overview, competitors in the industry, target market and SWOT analysis. The aim of this report is to help you in designing market plan. There is rising potential business opportunity in this Industry because consumers are showing greater concerns over eating healthy. Therefore the numbers of potential and existing direct competitors are on riseRead MoreRural Entrepreneurship-Opportunities and Challenges3604 Words   |  15 PagesENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Abstract The rural population constitutes a major segment in India. The livelihood strategies of this vast segment depend primarily on agriculture and allied activities. Growth in this agriculture sector has shown a declining trend during the last one decade. This has made a huge impact on the domestic production, employment, etc. These problems can be tackled, to a certain extent, by developing entrepreneurship in Rural India. This dissertationRead MoreGlobal Climate Change Has Increased The Heat Loads1479 Words   |  6 Pagestemperature and humidity of the indoor air.1 As there is rapid growth in population as well as wealth and increased supply of electricity to the people with continuous warming of the climate, it is quite clear that there will be an increase in the installation of the air conditioners (ACs) for the comfort and health necessity.2 Michael Sivak has written in his report that in China the households with AC increased from 1% in 1990 to 62% in 2003 and India with only 2% o f its households with ACs units in 2007Read MoreFast Food Industry Research Proposal1593 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Proposal (Fast Food Industry) To study the attitude towards consumption of healthy food within the fast food industry Background We are a marketing research team of a fast food chain store. 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The Gift of Life Free Essays

The Gift of Life by Deborah Greenspan One of the greatest miracles of modern medicine is the ability to successfully transplant human organs, such as kidneys, corneas and hearts, into human beings who would die otherwise. At this very moment, 48,000 people are waiting hopefully for organ transplants (Tenery 20). Seven of these unfortunates will die each day because there are no organs to be had (Hans 84). We will write a custom essay sample on The Gift of Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now For them the wait is over. Today, I’m going to tell you why you should become an organ donor and perhaps save the life of one or more of these people. People whose organs don’t function properly live half lives hat affect not just themselves but everyone they love as well– their children, their spouses, their mothers, fathers, family and friends. An individual whose kidneys don’t function can’t develop and cultivate a career. A child whose heart is weak can’t get out and run with her friends. A man with a bad liver may not be able to keep his job. Thus candidates for organ donation feel guilty. They become invalids, unable to spend quality time with those they love, and fearful of the burden they are placing on their families. Let me make this real for you. Her name was Claire. She was the mother of two small children. When her kidneys stopped functioning, she felt that her life was over. Three times a week she spent half a day in dialysis and the rest of the day recovering from the procedure. She never had any energy and was always exhausted. Her illness added 20 years to her appearance and the constant battle with the side effects of the drugs took its toll. When she became a candidate for a kidney, she was happier than she’d ever been in her life. Unfortunately, she died before an organ became available. It’s too late to save Claire, or to repair her children’s lives, but there is something each of us an do to help others like her. We can carry a donor card. A donor card can be carried around in your wallet. It tells doctors that if you die your organs can be used to benefit those like Claire who need them. According to Shanteau and Harris, editors of Organ Donation and Transplantation, one donor can provide more than 12 different organs and tissues, yet other studies have f ound that while most people have a positive attitude toward organ donation, few actually carry donor cards. For instance, a study by the Transportation Council of Southern California found that 77 % of the respondents had a ositive attitude toward organ donation, but 1% of those same people carried donor cards. According to Mary Ellen Anton, R. N. , â€Å"Misinformation, or the lack of information, can be one of the greatest barriers to organ donation. † A common myth regarding organ donation is that organs will be taken before death has occurred. People also fear excessive costs to their families, and some also believe their religion does not support organ donation. These myths actually have little substance. Death in the form of an absence of brain activity has to be established before organs are taken. There s no cost to the family of the donor, and most religions do support organ donation. It’s easy enough to check with your minister, priest, or rabbi. Organ donati on is an incredible gift. It can save the life of the one who receives it, but strangely, it also helps the family of the one who died. According to Ellen Heck, director of transplant services at the University of Texas, â€Å"Families have told us that donation was the one thing that helped them through the loss. † Think about this carefully. It could be your child or your best friend who needs a kidney. If more people carried donor ards Claire might be alive today, and her daughter, who is only four, might be sitting on her lap right now laughing. In closing let me recap what I’ve told you. People whose organs don’t function properly–and they could be anyone–need you to be an organ donor. Imagine a child opens her eyes and witnesses a brilliant sunrise for the first time. Her organ donor made that possible. By donating your organs you will give the gift of life and make your own death a meaningful one. Take the literature, read it, sign it, and c arry a donor card. It’s the right thing to do. Thank you. How to cite The Gift of Life, Essay examples

Wal-Mart Stores

Question: You are required to produce a critical report discussing the issue questions specified below.Issue options: Does diversity management enhance the innovative capacity of a global business? How can cross-cultural management issues affect performance in international teams? Answer: Introduction Multi chain business organizations have gone a long way in establishing their brand world - wide and they have chosen various ways of establishing their brand in the US and many other international locations in the world. They have had a humble beginning in the initial stages as a small retailer and Rogers Walmart has paved way for a business in a retailer setup to expand internationally. Innovation has been their mantra for a long standing business to allow their customers to shop any time and at different huge super market chains in the world. They have brought a retail shopping chain into the mobile phones and electronic gadgets where shopping has become a stress free arena for a lot of working lot in the world (Boddy, D, 2011) Walmart has started their retail revolution in 1962, went through different ways and became national in1970, became Americas top retailer in the 1990 and became internationally well established in 2000. They are a chain of warehouses and departmental stores and with the majority of private employers. The company hosts a variety of products like baby products, furniture, electronics, movies, music, books, house hold goods, clothes line related to men and women, children sports items, medical, toys, jewellery, grocery and all the items related to furnishings. Being a large super market chain they have also established themselves as a big online shopping store. They sell all types of products which are labelled products with exceptionally great value and they sell them with a labelled warranty. They are among those companies which have started a great innovation in terms of maintaining good quality for the food products in order to maintain their nutritional value. Main catchy aspect of the business of Walmart Walmart is basically known for their exceptionally great prices and they are not producers of any product which means that they dont own any brand however they maintain a good network of sellers and producers of various products in almost all the categories which are used in daily lives. They are well known for maintaining their brand which can offer the lowest prices for the Customers which cannot be offered anywhere else. Their prices are 15% lower than the prices of the products offered by other companies. The true mark of their business is their price or quality. The producers who are in business with Walmart are bound by a specific rule which says that they should either reduce their price or increase their quality. Promotional strategies of Walmart Their online business fetches them much of a revenue where the shipment of the products to the customers desired locations is a major advantage in the nature of such businesses. The website of Walmart functions in an effective way. The discount prices of the products are a major catch for the customers where the store offers major discounts for the products throughout the year and they also fix some low prices for most of the products for a fixed period of time (Stefan Groeschl, 2003). Competitors of Walmart Stores There are a large number of competitors in the grocery business of Walmart like Dollar tree stores, Family tree stores, Dollarama Inc, Lawson Inc, Don Quijote Holdings, Burlington Stores and many other stores. Issues in Walmart Walmart being the largest grocery chain in the world still faces issues like lowering price factors, cost cutting factors which keep the traffic at bay and fails to attract a certain population in the US. Walmart also faces lost in traffic due to its empty shelves inspite of them lowering their prices to a great extent. Most of the long standing customers of Walmart have been complaining constantly that they have been finding decreased amounts of stocks in the Walmart stores like for example they dont find more than 5 or 6 types of cosmetics, creams, lotions, medicines even the ones which they require frequently like for cold. Walmart stores have been reducing since the recession times and they have not been able to recoup much ever since. Walmart has also not been increasing their stores in comparison to the numbers they used to increase in the past. Also the stocking challenges especially in a business like Walmart reduces the sales growth as peoples expectations reduce Does diversity management enhance the innovative capacity of a global business? It has been proven that diversity management is the most critical factor towards growth. Diversity should be viewed at carefully and lip service is not major factor to promote the growth of the business as the population has started viewing at a specific brand with major expectations and they view a brand with more authenticity and if the brand does not maintain it they end up tarnishing their brand almost for extended periods of time (Bovee, C, and Thill, JV, 2012). Diversity is not about representation of a brand in various locations where diversity should be embedded in a brand. Diversity should be able to promote and respond to the needs of the customers in an effective way. If we consider the example of a consumer brand industry they are significant with their presence in various locations and they are getting more effective in their presence with their marketing initiatives. Diversity is simply viewed as a multi - cultural aspect where the business is done in multiple locations. Diversity is all about embracing different types of people along with various cultures they come from and it is about supporting different types of people who are believed to be known for various ideas and thinking. Diversity is to have spread into various business organizations however the different ways in which the management implements their business matters the most (Renee, D, 2013). It is the result of diversity that most of the business organizations are able to maintain their innovative nature and they are able to expand their business in different ways. How can cross-cultural management issues affect performance in international teams? Culture plays an important role in an organization especially in multinational and international organizations which has expat employees. It is important to understand the impact of culture on the performance of the teams in such environment. The most well known cultural dimensions like authority, cultural differences, bureaucracy, creativity and accountability act in different ways on different aspects and on people especially in the work place environments in the world. These attributes play a major role in influencing the internal and external environments and also in managing the human resources of the organization. For a multi - national organization the culture of the parent company is more critical in deciding the nature of the work standards of the organization. Their corporate policies influence the work cultures of the same company which is present in the other countries. The factors like industrial resources, market attributes, various branches present in the country and t heir corporate codes of conduct also play a major role in deciding the ethical culture of the organization. The social and the cultural environment also plays a major role in impacting the culture of the organization (T.J. Watson, 1997). These days with the growing no. of companies making their presence in the international markets and with them increasing their business transactions in the international locations cultural attributes are getting exchanged between the countries. One more growing advantage which can be taken into account in these types of scenarios is the global base of the customers which most of these companies share as the more and more globalized the customer base becomes the countries in which the companies expand their businesses get an opportunity to share the cultural differences with their employees of that country. This helps in promoting more and more understanding and it also promotes a nature of accepting the cultural differences between various countries and as large no. of business organizations have a varied employee base they keep interacting with each other and they tend to accept the fact that cross cultural differences promote a greater sense of understanding between people and by e xchange of ideas they tend to cooperate with the other employees to enhance their performance (Adriana Victoria Garibaldi de Hilal, Ursula Wetzel, 2009). The globalization integrates the worlds economies and provides an opportunity to promote their business in terms of technology which can narrow the gaps of understanding between various cultures. References Official Website of Walmart.https://www.walmart.com/. Online retrieved on March 2, 2011. "The Wal-Mart Timeline." Wal-Mart (published on walmartfacts.com). Retrieved on March 3, 2011. Stolberg. S.G. (2011). "Wal-Mart Shifts Strategy to Promote Healthy Foods". The New York Times. Online retrieved from:https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/20/business/20walmart.html Staff Writer. "Sams Choice Climbs Beverage Brand List Wal-Marts Sams American Choice Beverage Brand." Discount Store News. "Wal-Mart 2010 Annual Report" Wal-Mart. 2010. Triandis H.C. (1982). Review of cultures consequences. Human Organization, 41:86-90 [17] T.J Watson (1997), Human resource management, industrial relations and theory - standing back and starting again. New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations, 22(1), 7-21. Boddy, D, (2011), Management: An Introduction, 5th Edition, FT Prentice Hall Bateman, TS, and Snell, SA, (2012), Management: Leading and Collaborating in a Competitive World, 10th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition Bovee, C, and Thill, JV, (2012), Business in Action, 6th Edition, FT Prentice Hal Alfred A. Jaegar Rabindra Nath Kanungo (1990), Management in developing Countries, Stefan Groeschl (2003), Cultural Implications for the Appraisal Process, Cross Cultural Management, An International Journal, Vol. 10 Iss: 1, pp.67 79 Adriana Victoria Garibaldi de Hilal, Ursula Wetzel and Vicente Ferreira Organizational culture and performance: a Brazilian case, Management Research News, Vol. 32 No. 2, 2009, pp. 99-119

Slavery In The U.S. Essays - Slavery, , Term Papers

Slavery in the U.S. In North America the first African slaves landed at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. Brought by early English privateers, they were subjected to limited servitude, a legalized status of Native American, white, and black servants preceding slavery in most, if not all, the English colonies in the New World. The number of slaves imported was small at first, and it did not seem necessary to define their legal status. Statutory recognition of slavery, however, occurred in Massachusetts in 1641, in Connecticut in 1650, and in Virginia in 1661; these statutes mainly concerned fugitive slaves. With the development of the plantation system in the southern colonies in the latter half of the 17th century, the number of Africans imported as agricultural slave laborers increased greatly, and several northern coastal cities became centers of the slave traffic. Generally, in the northern colonies, slaves were used as domestics and in trade; in the Middle Atlantic colonies they were used more in agriculture; and in the southern colonies, where plantation agriculture was the primary occupation, almost all slaves were used to work the plantations. As African slaves became an increasingly important element in the English colonies in America, particularly in the South, where they were fundamental to the economy and society, the laws affecting them were modified. By the time of the American Revolution (1775-1783), they were no longer indentured servants but slaves in the fullest sense of the term, and laws defining their legal, political, and social status with respect to their owners were specific. In 1800 the population of the United States included 893,602 slaves, of which only 36,505 were in the northern states. Vermont, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey provided for the emancipation of their slaves before 1804, most of them by gradual measures. The 3,953,760 slaves at the census of 1860 were in the southern states. Eminent statesmen from the earliest period of the national existence, such as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton, regarded slavery as evil and inconsistent with the principles of the Declaration of Independence. The Society of Friends (Quakers) uniformly opposed slavery and agitated against it. The Presbyterian church made several formal declarations against it between 1787 and 1836. The Methodist Episcopal church always cherished strong antislavery views, but in 1844, when one of its bishops was suspended for refusing to emancipate slaves he had inherited through his wife, a secession took place and the Methodist Episcopal Church, South was formed. Individuals and groups of people of almost all sects defended slavery. On the whole, antislavery views grew steadily; but many who personally held strong antislavery opinions hesitated to join actively in abolitionist agitation, unwilling to dispute what many citizens he ld to be their rights. The 13th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, abolishing slavery throughout the United States, was ratified in 1865. For more information about the history of slavery in the United States, see Blacks in the Americas; Abolitionists; Missouri Compromise; American Anti-Slavery Society; Emancipation Proclamation; and Civil War, American. Slavery in the 20th Century An important achievement was the adoption of the International Slavery Convention in 1926 by the League of Nations. This convention provided for the suppression and prohibition of the slave trade and complete abolition of slavery in all forms. The convictions embodied in the convention were reaffirmed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948. In 1951 a United Nations committee on slavery reported that the practice of slavery was declining rapidly, with only a vestige of slavery remaining in a few areas of the world. Nevertheless, the committee found that forms of servitude similar to slavery affected a large number of people. These types of servitude include forms of serfdom and peonage, various abuses arising from the adoption of children, and the transfer in marriage of women without their consent. At the recommendation of the committee a conference representing 51 nations was held in Geneva in 1956. The conference adopted a Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery to supplement the convention of 1926. The new convention condemns forms of servitude similar to slavery

DURAND Surname Meaning and Family History

DURAND Surname Meaning and Family History From the Latin name Durandus meaning strong and enduring, the Durand surname comes from the Old French  durant, meaning enduring, derived from the Latin duruo,  meaning to harden or make strong. This surname is believed to have evolved simultaneously in several different cultures and may have been used to describe someone who is steadfast or, possibly, stubborn. Durand may also be an Anglicized form of the Hungarian Durndi, a habitational name for someone from a place called Durnd, in former Szepes county. Surname Origin: Latin,  French, Scottish, English Alternate Surname Spellings:  DURANT, DURRAND, DURANTE, DURRANT, DURRANTE, DURRAN, DURRANCE, DURRENCE Famous People with the DURAND  Surname Asher Brown Durand  - American painterWilliam F. Durand -  American aeronautical engineerPeter Durand  - British inventor of the tin canElias Durand - American botanist and pharmacist Where is the DURAND  Surname Most Common? The Durand surname is most common in France according to Forebears, ranking as the 2nd most common surname in the country. WorldNames PublicProfiler also supports this, showing fairly even distribution of the Durand surname in departments across France. It is also somewhat common in other French-influenced countries, including Dominica, New Caledonia, Monaco, French Polynesia, Montserrat, Haiti, Peru and Canada.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname DURAND Meanings of Common French SurnamesUncover the meaning of your French last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common French surnames. How to Research French AncestryIf you are one of those people who have avoided delving into your French ancestry due to fears that the research would be too difficult, then wait no more! France is a country with excellent genealogical records, and it is very likely that you will be able to trace your French roots back several generations once you understand how and where the records are kept. Durand  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Durand  family crest or coat of arms for the Durand surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. The Duran  Surname  DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Duran  surname, and variants such as Durand, are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Durand family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. DURAND  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Durand  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - DURAND  GenealogyExplore over 2  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Durand surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DURAND  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Durand  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - DURAND  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Durand. GeneaNet - Durand  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Durand  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Durand  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Durand  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

The influence of the european culture in management leadership style Research Paper

The influence of the european culture in management leadership style of european managers working in Asian countries focusing on - Research Paper Example The approach used in leadership and management therefore determines the outcome of the various decisions made. However, all these are influenced by factors such as the immediate as well as external environment, the structure of the organisation or institution, business culture and the relationships which exist between the management and the subordinates (Marcus et al, 2003). Management and leadership are inherently dependent on each other although leadership is a component of management and success in any decision made is influenced by the balance between the two elements (Hofstede, 1991). Management styles are influenced by the leadership styles employed in the running of business entities. There are four fundamental leadership styles although there are several others which are based on the particular management approaches used. These include democratic, laissez faire, autocratic and participative leadership styles. Democratic, laissez faire and participative management leadership s tyles involve staff while autocratic style is purely based on the management making decisions for the business or company (Marcus et al, 2003). ... Asia in specific India has been receptive to the European leadership styles compared to other parts of Asia and African countries. According to Ralston et al (1993), the increase in international affairs has led to the convergence and divergence debate where organizations take strategic positions in different ways. The authors point out that convergence thesis is where economic ideology is the main driver of cultural values for example exposure to European business leads to the adoption of European culture. Thus culture is treated as something accidental that does not have any prior planning for it to take place. On the other hand, Hosfede, (1980, 1991), Adler (2002) point out that a divergence perspective recognizes a country and its cultural differences, they emphasize that culture plays a big role in influencing the way management is conducted. Ward et al (1999) and Ralston et al (1993), indicate that when two cultures meets and equally exchange ideas and values, that is cross â⠂¬â€œdivergence, this type of divergence recognizes the importance of national culture and economic ideology and the synergy between the two â€Å"â€Å"when an individual incorporates both national culture and economic ideology influences synergistically to form a unique value system that is different from the value set supported by either national culture or economic ideology† (Ralston et al, 1997: 183). According to the Centre fro Comparative Management Studies (2011) the relationship between culture and leadership styles and agrees with the notion that culture has a small but significant impact on the leadership styles of an individual , other factors that affect an individuals leadership styles are the